This thesis addresses the identification of defects in transmission lines, emphasizing the importance of cable network reliability in critical industries like telecommunications, automotive, and aerospace. Cable faults are classified into hard and soft faults, both of which can lead to significant safety risks and financial losses. Effective fault prediction and localization are essential.We explore methods like time-domain reflectometry (TDR) and frequency-domain reflectometry (FDR) for fault location, noting their limitations in networks with parallel branches and unknown topology,...