This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the evolution of the English language over 1,600 years. It examines the language's transformation from its Germanic roots-with influences from Celtic and Old Norse-to its development during the Old English period. The study underscores the impact of the Norman Conquest, which introduced Norman French and significantly reshaped Middle English in legal, governmental, and artistic contexts. It further explores the phonological and orthographic transformations, notably the Great Vowel Shift, which laid the groundwork for Early Modern English,...