Autonomous systems are revolutionizing industries and daily life by integrating robotics, control systems, and embedded intelligence. This study explores their evolution and key components, covering robotics fundamentals like kinematics, dynamics, sensors, actuators, and motion planning. Control systems are analyzed with focus on feedback, adaptive techniques, and distributed architectures for precision and stability. Embedded intelligence, powered by machine learning, real-time decision-making, and edge computing, is highlighted as a driver of smart, responsive systems. Communication...