Non-nutritive sucking habit (NNSH) refers to the act of sucking on objects like fingers, thumbs, or pacifiers that isn't related to feeding. It's a common comfort-seeking behavior in infants and young children, providing reassurance or helping them calm down. While it's normal in early childhood, prolonged sucking beyond the age of 3-4 can lead to dental issues like misaligned teeth, speech problems, and changes to the palate. Addressing the habit early through positive reinforcement, behavioral techniques, and, if needed, dental interventions can help prevent long-term complications.

Pulp therapy is a dental procedure-commonly used in children's primary (baby) teeth-for treating and preserving the tooth's inner pulp tissue that has become inflamed or infected due to decay or trauma. It encompasses two main approaches: pulpotomy, which removes only the diseased pulp from the tooth's crown while preserving healthy tissue in the roots, and pulpectomy, which involves complete removal of pulp from both the crown and root when the infection is extensive. Beyond pulpotomy and pulpectomy, several conservative alternatives aimed at preserving pulp vitality: indirect pulp capping,...