The field of molecular biology is a central area of modern life sciences, focusing on the fundamental molecular mechanisms that enable and govern life. It involves studying the structure, function, and interaction of biological molecules such as DNA, RNA, and proteins to unravel the complex processes occurring in every living cell. The origins of molecular biology lie in the mid-20th century when scientists first discovered the chemical nature of genetic information and its molecular transmission pathways. One of the most significant scientific achievements was the discovery of the...