Instruments in conservative dentistry and endodontics are essential for diagnosis, cavity preparation, restoration, and root canal treatment. Diagnostic tools include the mirror, probe, and explorer. Operative instruments like chisels, hatchets, and burs are used for tooth preparation. Restorative instruments such as condensers and carvers help place and shape filling materials. Endodontic instruments include files (K-files, H-files), broaches, irrigating syringes, paper points, and obturation tools like pluggers and spreaders. Modern aids like rotary files, apex locators, and magnification...