The only thing we do not seem to be polarizing on these days is the worry that we are polarizing. To what extent are these worries really justified? In the public as well as scientific debate, much is still unclear about what kind of polarization is taking place, who is polarizing and why, and what the consequences of polarization are. By focusing on the role of social identification and the particular importance of education in our schooled society, I aim to clarify the "what," "who," "why," and "whatever" of polarization in Europe. I show that polarization is perceived rather than actually...