Artificial Intelligence (AI) is reshaping contemporary dental practice by enabling more intelligent, efficient, and individualized patient management. This dissertation investigates the latest technological advancements and real-world uses of AI within various branches of dentistry, with a particular emphasis on its growing role in periodontology. The application of machine learning and deep learning techniques-especially in interpreting radiographic data and predicting the progression of periodontal conditions-has substantially improved both diagnostic precision and clinical workflow.

"Nanotechnology" is defined as the study, development, and application of extremely small (which is about 1-100 nm) materials, devices, and systems exhibiting physical, chemical, and biological properties that are different from those found on a larger scale (Dunn et al., 2002). The other name of this technology is reported as molecular nanotechnology or molecular engineering (Drexler, 1992).The term 'nanotechnology' was coined and popularized by Prof. Kerie E Drexler in 1977.Nanoscale is sometimes also used for materials smaller than1 µm. Nanotechnology in dentistry encompasses several...