Heavy metal pollutants are being released in rivers, soils, and the atmosphere, due to developing agribusiness and metallurgy industries, as well as fertilizers, and pesticides. They are non-biodegradable and can accumulate in living systems, contaminating the food chain. Physical and chemical heavy metal cleanup solutions are expensive and harmful to the surrounding ecology. Due to the proven capacity of microbes, especially bacteria, to sequester and convert pollutants, microbial bioremediation has emerged as a viable technique for reducing heavy metals in the environment. Microbes have...