The most serious distresses associated with flexible pavement is cracking, which occurs at intermediate and low temperatures, and permanent deformation, which occurs at high temperatures. These distresses reduce the services life of the pavement and increase the maintenance costs. Optimum bitumen content in any bituminous mix plays a vital role for its stability and durability.For a country like India, where hot temperature prevails in summer in several parts, permanent deformation of bituminous layer is a major concern. This problem can be addressed by adopting courser gradation for wearing...

In last decade., vast projects of different magnitudes have been undertaken successfully across generations. Supply chain management first emerged in the early 1970s on large projects and gradually smaller organizations took to adapting the idea. Currently the smallest construction firms are known to operate supply chain management in some form. A great deal of supply chain management involves avoiding problems, tackling new ground, managing a group of people and trying to achieve very clear objectives quickly and efficiently . Considering a generic project, its status changes from that of an...