The success of endodontic treatment is influenced by the elimination of microorganisms in the infected root canals. The population of microorganisms in an infected root canal may be reduced significantly by chemomechanical preparation. Because chewing sticks are so commonly used in different areas of the world, a variety of studies have been performed on the antimicrobial effect of these sticks. However, the potential antimicrobial effects of Miswak as root canal irrigant is not yet currently known. The selection of Miswak from the Salvadora Persica tree for the present study was based on the...