The Valco S. Paolo site may be regarded as representative of the main Tiber valley in the urban area of Rome, which is located 2 km south of the city center. In recent years, as per level, temperature and electrical conductivity measurements conducted in gravel and sand aquifers have notable variations. For this purpose, heads observed from 15 piezometers and physical characteristic data of sand and gravel aquifers were monitored in 5 piezometers in the Tiber river by dataloggers during 4 months and integrated with available geological and hydrogeological information to develop a conceptual...