Clustering has been around for many decades and located itself in a uniquepositionasafundamentalconceptualandalgorithmiclandmark of data analysis. Almost since the very inception of fuzzy sets, the role and potential of these information granules in revealing and describing structureindatawasfullyacknowledgedandappreciated.Asamatter of fact, with the rapid growth of volumes of digital information, the role of clustering becomes even more visible and critical. Furthermore given the anticipated human centricity of the majority of artifacts of digitaleraandacontinuousbuildupofmountainsofdata,...

Innovations in Intelligent Machines is a very timely volume that takes a fresh look on the recent attempts of instilling human-like intelligence into computer-controlled devices. By contrast to the machine intelligence research of the last two decades, the recent work in this area recognises explicitly the fact that human intelligence is not purely computational but that it also has an element of empirical validation (interaction with the environment). Also, recent research recognises that human intelligence does not always prevent one from making errors but it equips one with the ability to...