E-services, and in particular Web services, are emerging as a promising tech- logy for the e?ective automation of application integration across networks and organizations. The basic technological infrastructure for e-services is structured around three major standards: SOAP, WSDL, and UDDI. These standards p- vide building blocks for service description, discovery, and interaction. E-service technologies have clearly in?uenced positively the development of integrated - stems by providing programmatic access to e-services through SOAP, WSDL, and UDDI. E-services are evolving toward being able...