In recent decades, great progress has been made in developing specifications and application technologies for durable and sustainable concrete. Performance-based specifications and durability models have been developed, and concrete has diversified into a group of innovative products, with high strength, low permeability, self compacting, with polymer and carbon fibre reinforcement, and its applications extended to extreme conditions (tropical, marine, seismic etc). For long-lasting concrete structures it is important to use a multi-step approach, so ""replace, repair and retain"" becomes...