As a large number of non-profit organizations and government agencies are taking up the concept of micro-finance as a tool towards the eradication of poverty, it becomes necessary to examine the impact of participation in micro-finance on household expenditure in a long run. Once the client makes the decision to be a member of a particular MFI, it becomes imperative to examine the impact of participation on the household outcomes such as the consumption pattern, human capital such as schooling, food security, and asset accumulation of the participating clients so as to examine if there is any...

Over the last years,researchers are searching for new low power solutions for VLSI circuits.This work focuses on reducing power dissipation,which is showing ever increasing growth with scaling down of technologies.Various techniques at different levels of design process have been implemented to reduce the power dissipation at circuit, architectural & system level.Furthermore,number of gates/chip area is constantly increasing,while switching energy does not decrease at same rate,so power dissipation rises becomes more difficult and expensive.Then, to limit the power dissipation, ...