Head and neck reconstruction flaps are a cornerstone of modern surgical practice, enabling the restoration of facial aesthetics, speech, swallowing, and breathing. Surgeons carefully select flaps based on factors such as defect size, location, tissue type, and patient-specific considerations. There are various types of flaps, including local flaps, regional flaps, and distant or free flaps, each with unique advantages and limitations. Local flaps involve nearby tissue transfer and are suitable for smaller defects. Regional flaps utilize tissue from adjacent areas and are versatile for...