The field of photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) has witnessed significant advancements, leading to the development of various fiber types with unique properties. This book compiles doctoral theses, influential publications, and research works related to PCFs, offering a comprehensive overview of different fibertypes. Each chapter focuses on a specific PCF type, discussing the transmission of light in PCFs based on Maxwell's equations. Additionally, it covers in-depth studies on nonlinear effects, solitons, and supercontinuum generation. The book provides separate chapters dedicated to solid-core,...

This book provides an in-depth exploration of piezoelectricity and the materials and devices that exploit this phenomenon. It is divided into several chapters, each focusing on a different aspect of piezoelectric technology, from basic principles to advanced applications. It consists of ten chapters, most of which are drawn from scientific research and accredited global activities, hoping to benefit from the ideas presented in it for developing societies. Desiring to provide electrical energy for free. The chapters include the basic principles of piezoelectricity, the materials used, and...

The laser is among the most important inventions of the twentieth century. Since its introduction in 1960, the laser has made possible a countless number of scientific, medical, industrial, and commercial applications. We will start by considering how light emission can be explained using a quantum model of atomic excitation and explore various mechanisms of light emission. You will be familiar with the most important properties of laser light, the main categories of lasers, and the history behind the development of the laser.Finally, we will provide an overview of major applications of...