Water sources have been polluted by humans with different toxic substances, including heavy metals. Heavy metals are persistent, bioaccumulative, and capable of disrupting human and animal metabolic activities and essential organs. Therefore, removing these contaminants from water and wastewater is a mandatory need. There are several water treatment techniques such as osmosis, ion exchange, coagulation, and sedimentation used to remove heavy metals from aqueous solutions. Membrane techniques such as microfiltration, reverse osmosis, nanofiltration, and ultrafiltration are promising...