The association between orthodontic treatment and temporomandibular disorders has always been of great interest to oral health professionals. A change in occlusion during orthodontic treatment can affect muscles and joints surrounding the jaw, resulting in temporomandibular disorders (TMD). Multiple etiological factors have been associated with the TMDs and they may be manifested by pain and/or sound of TMJ. This book aims to provide the effect of orthodontic treatment on temporomandibular joint and muscles of mastication.

Since long Orthodontists have been interested in the association between mode of breathing and craniofacial growth. The pharyngeal structure plays an essential role in breathing and swallowing. Respiration through upper airway is a vital functional process impacting craniofacial development. The knowledge of the pharyngeal dimensions amongst various sagittal &vertical facial types is clinically relevant for orthodontists so as to establish a proper orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. The study was done on the Indian population to evaluate the volume of pharyngeal airway among...