Inflammatory periodontal disease is an almost ubiquitous disorder in the adult population. Cases or sites with moderate to advanced disease often continue to show signs of inflammation after non-surgical approach. Our current understanding of periodontal healing is based on a hypothesis by Melcher who proposed that the cell type that repopulates the exposed root surface at the periodontal repair site will define the nature of the attachment/repair that take place. If mesenchymal cells from periodontal ligament/perivascular region of the bone proliferate and colonize the root surface,...