Successful interaction between humans and artificial systems allows for combining the advantages of all actors in solving problems. However, interaction is often demanding for people, as it builds on artificial concepts, such as strict protocols.

This book presents the new paradigm of 'phenotropic' interaction, which aims to improve the naturalness of the interaction thanks to bio-inspired approaches. These include methods for understanding and reasoning with human perceptions expressed as natural language, fundamental to support the artificial system to better understand people's...