Orthodontic treatment with fixed attachments had been performed by soldering brackets onto bands. Full-mouth banding techniques had some disadvantages, including increased chair-time, diastema resulting from the removal of bands at the end of the treatment, unaesthetic appearances and soft tissue irritation. In 1955, Buonocore applied 85% phosphoric acid to enamel and became a pioneer in science by providing a method for bonding acrylic structures by etching on enamel. The effect of various acid pretreatment results in hard dental tissues being characterized by numerous microscopic...