Neurodegeneration is a stress related disease mainly due to modern life style changes, pesticide exposure, inappropriate physical movements and lack of mental relaxations. Central nervous system is the midpoint of several regulatory pathways which also gets impaired due to inflammation, oxidative stress, ageing, genetic mutation and mitochondrial dysfunction. Parkinson's disease is the selective loss of dopaminergic neurons which mostly cause impairment in cognitive and motor skills. The pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease can be understood by developing the exact experimental models with...

Parkinson's disease (PD) is typically well recognized by its characteristic motor symptoms (e.g., bradykinesia, rigidity, and tremor). The cognitive symptoms of PD are increasingly being acknowledged by clinicians and researchers alike. However, PD also involves a host of emotional and communicative changes which can cause major disruptions to social functioning. These include producing emotional facial expressions (i.e., facial masking) and emotional speech (i.e., dysarthria), as well as difficulties recognizing the verbal and nonverbal. Which might affect quality of life to an even greater...