In the shear reinforcement the shear strength increase due to stirrup inclusion in reinforced concrete beams is analyzed. Shear strength of beams is obtained by adding stirrup and concrete contributions. Because of the complexity of the shear failure mechanism, most current design codes and guidelines are based on highly empirical approaches and consequently should only be used within the bounds of testing regimes from which they were derived. Normally, shear reinforcement of concrete beams consists of traditional stirrups. Replacing the individual stirrups by a continuous spiral can reduce...

The load-settlement response from plate load tests (0.3 m diameter, 25 mm thick) carried out on a compacted soil layers. A study has been carried out of the bearing capacity of soil layers overlying loose soil. Considering the interfacial contact between steel plate and soil finite element model proposed and the bearing capacity was analyzed. In addition to the field test program, laboratory tri-axial compression tests were performed to determine the axial stress-strain response of the compacted soil layers. The FEM analysis is carried out using MIDAS GTS-NX a three-dimensional finite-element...