Biology is a natural science concerned with the study of life and living organisms, including their structure, function, growth, evolution, distribution, identification, and taxonomy.Modern biology is a vast and eclectic field, composed of many branches and subdisciplines.[clarification needed] However, despite the broad scope of biology, there are certain general and unifying concepts within it that govern all study and research, consolidating it into a single, coherent field. In general, biology recognizes the cell as the basic unit of life, genes as the basic unit of heredity, and...

The Experimental Pharmacology Lab Manual is a comprehensive guide designed to provide students and researchers with practical insights into the principles and techniques of experimental pharmacology. This manual typically covers a range of experiments that focus on understanding the effects of various drugs on biological systems, exploring mechanisms of drug action, and investigating pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. The manual often includes step-by-step protocols, safety guidelines, and background information to help users conduct experiments effectively. Through hands-on exercises,...