A hydrogel is a three-dimensional (3D) network of hydrophilic polymers which can swell in water and can hold a large amount of water also maintaining the structure due to chemical or physical cross-linking of individual polymer chains. The present research work covers the effect of crosslinkers on the synthesis of hydrogels and their swelling behaviour in the physiological solutions. The reversible swelling-deswelling behaviour of the hydrogels in different solutions and their properties recommends them for the use in biomedical applications.

One of the most interesting feature of organic frame work or crystal growth is proton conducting pathway within the ionic channels. Crystal growth is the major stage of crystallization process. The growth method is important because it suggest the impurity and other defect concentration. Among the various methods slow evaporation method is keen interest due to low temperature solution growth. So, the organic base such as benzimidazole is quite interesting compound for crystal growth because it has a property tendency to accept the proton. Due to this property it readily undergoes protanation...

Lignocellulose-Biomasse ist eine der wichtigsten Energiequellen der Welt, die bisher nicht richtig genutzt wurde. Das Buch konzentriert sich auf die Verwendung einer einheimischen Biomassequelle für die Extraktion von Lignin mit Hilfe von Natronzellstoff und der Organosolv-Methode. Die extrahierten Ligninproben wurden mittels Fourier-Transform-Infrarotspektroskopie (FTIR) analysiert. Die Morphologie des Lignins nach jeder Vorbehandlung wurde mit dem Feldemissions-Rasterelektronenmikroskop (FESEM) untersucht.

Organic synthesis is a special branch of chemical synthesis and is concerned with the intentional construction of organic compounds. Organic molecules are often more complex than inorganic compounds, and their synthesis has developed into one of the most important branches of organic chemistry. Characterization is concerned with methods for determining purity of samples, procedures for establishing physical properties, and chemical methods of characterization. The synthesized compounds skeletal structures were characterized by IR and NMR spectral studies. The importance of organic synthesis...

Lignocellulosic biomass is one of the major sources of energy in the world that has been left without proper utilization. The book focuses on the use of an indigenous source of biomass for the extraction of lignin using soda pulping and organosolv method. Extracted lignin samples were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The morphology of lignin after each pretreatment was studied by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM).

La biomasse lignocellulosique est l'une des principales sources d'énergie dans le monde qui n'a pas été utilisée correctement. Ce livre se concentre sur l'utilisation d'une source indigène de biomasse pour l'extraction de la lignine en utilisant la pulpe de soude et la méthode organosolv. Les échantillons de lignine extraits ont été analysés par spectroscopie infrarouge à transformée de Fourier (FTIR). La morphologie de la lignine après chaque prétraitement a été étudiée au microscope électronique à balayage à émission de champ (FESEM).