In modern surgery, lasers are increasingly utilized for treatment of a variety of pathologies as interest in less invasive treatment modalities intensifies. The physics behind lasers allows the same basic principles to be applied to a multitude of tissue types using slight modifications of the system. Multiple laser systems have been studied within each field of medicine.Laser energy can be safely and effectively used for maxillofacial surgeries, for the treatment of various types of cancer, for a multitude of cosmetic and reconstructive procedures, and for the ablation of abnormal conductive...

The concept of rigid fixation uses hardware in the form of bone plates and screws to absorb part or all the functional load of the fracture site preventing any motion to the fracture. Rigid fixation is defined as "any form of fixation applied to the bones that is strong enough to prevent mobility of bony fragments during active use of the skeletal structure during the healing phase". In conclusion, any new method of fixation offered for the treatment of fractures, should be welcomed but practitioner/clinician should be discriminating and critical at first, and use it intelligently.

Due to the compound structure of the maxillofacial framework, it creates a lot of difficulty for the restoration of the defect. The incredible potential stem cells hold to treat a variety of diseases and to slow down aging makes them an endlessly exciting area of scientific research. There is enormous potential in human stem cells. Most therapies or treatments eventually aim to enhance tissue regeneration and stem cell engineering has opened a new path to regenerative medicine. After several decades of experiments, stem cell therapy is becoming a magnificent game changer for medicine.With...