The principal concern of this book (expounded in the first chapter) is to chart the development of literary awareness amongst poets of the later Middle Ages whose marked stance of professional independence led them increasingly to distinguish between their implied literary selves and the first-person speakers of their texts. Four chapters examine, by means of close stylistic analysis, the implications of such detachment taken as a model of binary opposition for the elaboration of the first-person speaker. Thus, in the case of Machaut, the essential distinction is between the first person...