Periapical surgery is regarded as an integral part of modern endodontic. Endodontic surgeries account for approximately 6 to 10% of the typical endodontic practice treatments and are considered an extension of non-surgical treatments. Based on short and long term evaluations, periapical surgeries have a 91 to 97% healing success rate making periapical microsurgery a good treatment option. This book explores the factors affecting the outcome of modern endodontic surgery.