This book is intended as a reference book for students in Science field. As humans, we are engaged in a wide range of activities that are causing serious damage to the ecosystems that sustain both our species and Earth's life support systems. This is witnessed by pollution, climate warming, collapsing fisheries, deforestation, the degradation of agricultural soil, extinctions and endangerment of species, and other damages. Nevertheless, we don't approach these issues as pessimists. If we take constructive actions now, or at least soon, we can prevent or repair many of these environmental...