The interest of the Ayyubid kings in military architecture was due to the many campaigns and Crusades between the Franks and Muslims. Ayyubids were active and worked to fortify their country by building walls and castles and rebuilding the demolished ancient fortresses to ward off enemy attacks.The Ayyubid state is attributed to having built a group of forts and castles, among the most important citadels built by Saladin was his citadel in Cairo and the wall that extends around the cities that formed the city of Cairo during his reign, which was the city of Fustat, Al-Askar, and Cairo. The...

All references in the field of manuscript paintings related to the Arab School mentioned that the borders of this school extend to Iraq, Iran, the Levant, Egypt, Morocco, and Andalusia. However, research in the context of this school's paintings has revealed that the Matenadaran of Mashtots in Armenia preserves a number of manuscripts produced by the Armenian painter Grigor Tatevatsi and the anonymous of Syuniq, which dates back to the end of the fourteenth century and the beginning of the fifteenth century. Since this painter had previously lived in Iran and Jerusalem for long periods, he...

There are many tall old buildings in 'Asir, each of which is called a fort or a qasaba, they are built of mud or stones or both, and their entrances are designed in a tight way that makes it difficult to storm them. The book aims to highlight the military architectural heritage in the 'Asir region, represented by military fortifications in civil buildings such as fortified palaces, castles and forts that the 'Asir people used for housing, defense and surveillance. The scientific approach that the book follows is represented by the descriptive approach to these buildings on the one hand and...