Skeletal maturity assessment involves visual inspection of the maturing bone and their initial appearance, ossification, and related changes in shape and size. Thus, the skeletal maturity indicators provide an objective diagnostic evaluation of stage of maturity in an individual. Dermatoglyphics can serve as an early marker for the diagnosis of malocclusion.The epidermal ridges and the orofacial structures originate from the same embryonic tissue, the ectoderm. Hence,due to the same origins and concurrent development of the epidermal ridges and the orofacial structures, the genetic message...

This book explores the transformative role of machine learning (ML) in modern orthodontics, emphasizing how AI-driven technologies enhance diagnosis, treatment planning, and clinical outcomes. It introduces the basics of ML and deep learning, highlighting their capabilities in analyzing vast dental datasets and learning patterns from clinical cases. The book reviews various ML models-such as artificial neural networks, convolutional neural networks, and genetic algorithms-and their accuracy in tasks like cephalometric landmark detection, growth prediction, extraction decisions, and treatment...