Pattern recognition techniques have been widely used with considerable successes in the fields of image and video processing. Especially, they have been used to detect fire and smoke for video based surveillance systems in large auditoriums, tunnels, forest or power stations.This book focuses on the exploration of pattern recognition techniques for video-based fire and smoke detection in order to improve the accuracy of fire and smoke alarming as well as for copyright protection of fire and smoke videos to investigate the source of fire origin and to protect by one's manipulation.