Mandibular prognathism (Class III malocclusion) can either be a result of pure mandibular prognathism, maxillary hypoplasia/retrognathism, or a combination of the two. The class III malocclusion has a strong genetic influence under polygenic and multifactorial mode of inheritance. Moreover, environmental factors and ethnicity plays a substantial role in the expression of Class III Jaw relation. Most of the Class III Jaw relations are as a result of prognathic mandible. Period of pubertal growth spurt is longer in developing class III which influences the overall growth of an individual along...

In the present era, there is an increase in the demand for orthodontic treatment, especially among adult patients for esthetics and better masticatory system. The duration of orthodontic treatment is of primary concern among most patients and one of the most important challenges faced by orthodontists. Unfortunately, long orthodontic treatment time poses several adverse effects such as a higher predisposition to dental caries, gingival recession, and root resorption. This increases the demand to find the methods which help to increase the rate of tooth movement with the least possible...

Anchorage is always one of the challenges to orthodontist because successful treatment always depends on successful anchorage management. Anchorage in the oral cavity can be described simply as resistance to movement. This resistance can be obtained from anatomical structure, some of which are tangible and constant while others are variable and invisible. Every orthodontic case is individualistic, which naturally precludes definite results from the application of proven mechanical laws to this problem of anchorage. Biologic factors must be respected and utilized for they play a profound part...