A water distribution system is a complex assembly of hydraulic control elements connected together to convey quantities of water from sources to consumers. The typical high number of constraints and decision variables, the nonlinearity, and the non-smoothness of the head-flow-water quality governing equations are inherent to water supply systems planning and management problems. Traditional methods for solving water distribution systems management problems, such as the least cost design and operation problem, utilized linear/nonlinear optimization schemes which were limited by the system...