Orthodontics was the first recognized specialty of dentistry and involves the diagnosis and treatment of skeletal and dental malocclusions. Reasons patients may seek orthodontic care include to improve their current occlusion or oral function. However, according to William R. Proffit, author of the leading textbook for orthodontic education, "the major reason people seek orthodontic treatment is to minimize psychosocial problems related to their dental and facial appearance" (11). Over the years, there has been a progression towards more esthetic orthodontic appliances, as technology has...

Healing of wounds is a classical example of combination of regeneration and repair. This is accomplished in one of the following two ways. This is defined as healing of a wound, which has the following characteristics. Clean & uninfected. Surgically incised. Without much loss of cells & tissue. Edges of wound that are approximated by surgical sutures.Oral hygiene is a major importance for one's day life. Oral hygiene should not be neglected, if it is neglected it will cause problems in future. Oral infections are one of the most recurring and common problems for all the people in the world...

Bone is a hard, strong calcified connective tissue, which can withstand tensile forces of 12500 psi, and compressible forces of 7000psi. Its shape and volume changes markedly in response to functional and physiologic influences. Bone is composed of two types of osseous tissues. The difference between cortical and cancellous bone lies in the size and the number of spaces within. Bone marrow fills the spaces in the cancellous bone. Yellow fatty marrow predominates in the larger cavities of the long bones, while the red marrow is found in flat bones and at the articular ends of long bones. The...