In the 12 years that the National Socialist Party was in power in Germany -- from January 1933 to May 1945 -- upwards of 15,000 concentration and labour camps were established in the Greater Reich and the occupied countries to incarcerate all who were deemed enemies of the state. The first was set up by Heinrich Himmler, then the Police President of Munich, just outside the city at Dachau, its very name becoming associated with death. Camps were then established in quick succession at Sachsenhausen, Buchenwald, Flossenburg, Mauthausen in Austria, Ravensbruck (exclusively for women),...