The loss of the interdental papillae results in a condition known as black triangle. interdental papilla is one of the most important factor, especially in terms of aesthetic. Open gingival embrasures or black triangle pose complex design and functional problems that are noticebly unaesthetic and negatively affect the smile pattern. A multidisciplinary approach must be considered mandatory if successful clinical outcome is to be achieved. A multidisciplinary approach involving restorative, prosthodontic and orthodontic specialities must be considered if a successful clinical outcome is to be...

Dental implant is an alloplastic material or device placed surgically into the bone for functional and aesthetic purposes. Since ages many researchers have tried to replace missing teeth using implants made from several materials using diverse techniques. in the latter half of 20th century Branemark found an intimate bone-to-implant apposition with titanium which offered ample strength to cope up with load transfer. An oral implantologist must have a thorough knowledge of factors leading to dental implant failure and prevention of the same. management of ailing, failing and failed implants is...