Careful investigation of the blood is often the first step in the assessment of hematologic function and diagnosis of related diseases; many hematologic disorders are also identified by specific blood tests. Blood smears and hematologic parameters examination yields important diagnostic information about cellular morphology, quantification of the blood cellular components, and evaluation of the pathophysiology that allows the formation of broad differential diagnostic impressions, directing additional testing. Apart from Investigations, Analysis of models and photographs is of Prime...

Technology has changed the way orthodontic problems are diagnosed and treated. All of these advances have expanded the patient populations seeking treatment and have improved what clinicians can expect when treating patients. To ensure optimal treatment of patients, it is important for clinicians to continue learning and to keep up with advances as the field progresses as a whole to ensure that all orthodontic patients are treated to the optimal standard of care.