The cell is the basic structural, functional, and biological unit of all known organisms. A cell is the smallest unit of life. Cells are often called the "building blocks of life". There are over 200 different cell types in human body. Each type of cells is specialised to carry out a particular function, either solely but usually by forming a particular tissue. Different tissue then combine and form specific organs, where the organ is like a factory where every type of cell has its own job. Since every tissue has its own function that contributes to the multifunctionality of an organ, every...

Nanobiotechnology is a growing and emerging field of the upcoming era. Nowadays the nanoparticles have established much attention owing to their unique properties that are midway between individual molecules and bulk materials. In scientific studies, sustainable nanotechnology has been successful in providing solutions to challenges in various fields such as medicine, catalysis, industrial and agricultural activities. The problem of nanostructures involving all applications of nanotechnology wherever in nature and the dimension of nanoparticles determines their characteristic properties. The...

Nanotechnology offers the food industry a number of new approaches for improving the quality, shelf life, safety, and healthiness of foods. Nevertheless, there is concern from consumers, regulatory agencies, and the food industry about potential adverse effects (toxicity) associated with the application of nanotechnology in foods. In particular, there is concern about the direct incorporation of engineered nanoparticles into foods, such as those used as delivery systems for colors, flavors, preservatives, nutrients, and nutraceuticals, or those used to modify the optical, rheological, or flow...