To study the performance characteristics of the laboratory scale Francis turbine operating at various input powers with various guide vane openings and to determine the best operating point based on unit quantities. To design, fabricate and calibrate a five-hole pressure probe with a suitable traversing mechanism that is capable of measuring the velocity at different cross-sections of the conical draft tube attached to the turbine. To calculate the velocity, yaw angle, pitch angle, tangential velocity, radial velocity, and axial velocity inside the draft tube from the measured values.