To study the performance characteristics of the laboratory scale Francis turbine operating at various input powers with various guide vane openings and to determine the best operating point based on unit quantities. To design, fabricate and calibrate a five-hole pressure probe with a suitable traversing mechanism that is capable of measuring the velocity at different cross-sections of the conical draft tube attached to the turbine. To calculate the velocity, yaw angle, pitch angle, tangential velocity, radial velocity, and axial velocity inside the draft tube from the measured values.

The current study looks on friction stir welding of the Aluminium alloys AA6082 and AA2014, as well as its simulation in the Ansys programme. In this test, AA6082 and AA2014 plates with dimensions of 100x50x8mm are Friction Stir Welded using tools spun on the edge of two plates joined together on a milling machine. For this experiment, two different types of Tool Tips are used. Wire cut machined to ASTM E8 standard, i.e. Dog Bone Shape, the stir welded component. To better understand the welded materials, additional tensile tests, fatigue tests, microstructural characterization, and hardness...