This book is all about applying mathematical equations to rock forming minerals from the beginning of crystallization to the end of crystallization with respect to thermodynamic principle. The Mathematical methods used include Matrix method, Set Notation method and Geometry and were used to resolved the problems involving minerals and chemical distribution of elements in Rocks during crystallization of magma.

This book is all about evaluating the effect of titanium on iron ores and how it controls the strength, megnetization, and density of iron ores.Finally, the aim of this research is the application of mathematical model to establish a relationship between the iron ores and cassiterite.The mathematical method used to achieve this aim was matrix method and then transformed it into a model, called cassiterite model.

The main purpose of this book is to evaluate Tin Ore (Cassiterite) mathematically, using certain selected minerals of high field strength elements (HFSE) with respect to thermodynamic principle and how they control the formation of cassiterite during crystallization of magma.Mathematical methods used to achieve this model are, Matrix equation, Oxidation and the isomorphic process, and can be recommended to study any ore deposits.

This explores the potential discovery of petroleum hydrocarbons in sedimentary rocks or magmatic hydrothermal formations, involving a probability factor. A mathematical modeling approach is employed to assess petroleum hydrocarbons, considering specific elements, minerals, and rocks, determining whether they are of biogenic or abiogenic origin. Utilizing set notation and matrix approach to analyze these elements, three possibilities were formulated to trace the origin of petroleum hydrocarbons: sedimentary origin (biogenic), igneous origin (biogenic), or igneous origin (abiogenic)....

This book focuses on applying mathematics to bridge Bowen's reaction series of rock-forming minerals and Goldschmidt's principle of element substitution, where elements of similar size and charge replace one another in solid solution under thermodynamic principles. In dynamic geology, "dynamic" refers to changes in geological materials, such as magma, in response to these principles. Under thermodynamic conditions, magmas change from one phase to another with increasing silica content-a process called polymerization of magma. When elements of similar size and charge substitute for each other...