Aquatic macrophytes are aquatic photosynthetic organisms, large enough to see with the naked eye, that actively grow permanently or periodically submerged below, floating on, or growing up through the water surface. Aquatic macrophytes play an important role in the structure and function of aquatic ecosystems and certain macrophytes species are cultivated for human consumption, yet several of the worst invasive weeds in the world are aquatic plants. Many of the threats to fresh waters (e.g., climate change, eutrophication) will result in reduced macrophytes diversity and will, in turn,...

Cyanobacteria have great potential in serving the humanity in many ways. The diazotrophic nature, wide distribution pattern and capability to enter into N fixing symbiosis of BGA make them very attractive for research. In Agriculture, Cyanobacteria has a long history of usage in the form of biofertilizers. Other major applications of cyanobacteria in diverse fields of human welfare such as food and animal feed, in bioremediation of toxic compounds, in biocontrol of pests, production of commercial and laboratory chemicals, restriction enzymes, pharmacological tools (Patterson, 1996)and...

Algae are simple autotrophic organisms and from simple inorganic molecules such as carbon dioxide they produce complex organic compounds using energy from light or inorganic chemical reactions. Although algae grows at a fast rate and good producers of lipids in comparison to other oil sources, harvesting the algae and extracting the lipids is a challenge to the commercial- scale development of algae.Algal biofuels offer great promise in contributing to the growing global demand for alternative sources of renewable energy. However, to make algae- based fuels cost competitive with petroleum,...