Congenital heart defects (CHD) are cardiovascular malformations that generally occur due to aberrant development of a normal structure in the fetus, or failure of such a structure to progress beyond an early stage of embryonic or fetal development. Malformations are due to complex multi-factorial genetic and environmental causes. Children need more preventive care. Retarded eruption of teeth, orthodontic anomalies, enamel hypoplasias, and poor oral hygiene due to distraction, caused by the cardiac disease, are common clinical findings among patients with congenital heart disease If, in...

This book is offered as an educational resource to dental studentsand practising dentists throughout the world. There already exists an excellentand rapidly expanding literature on dental ethics, and this book isintended to complement rather than compete with these books and articles.This book provides a concise introduction to the basic concepts ofethics and their application to the most common issues encountered by dentistsin their daily practice. In addition to its emphasis on the practical application ofethical principles, this book focuses on the relationship amongethics, professionalism...