Dentin debris is created during instrumentation, and its complete removal from the root canal remains a challenge. Future anti-debris strategies are likely to combine chemical effects with physical energy. Endodontic irrigating solutions can kill bacteria in infected dentin, depending on the type and concentration of the irrigant, and time of exposure. However, serious concerns have been expressed regarding weakening of dentin strength by irrigation. Irrigation-dentin interaction will be one of the key areas of future research in order to optimize the desired effects of irrigation and to...

Orofacial pain is often the impetus for patients to seek dental care, and endodontic disease accounts for a significant proportion of this pain. That said, fear of pain during dental procedures is a major deterrent for many prospective dental patients. Thankfully, pain management strategies have significantly improved over time. The foundation of pain management is the determination of pain source and development of a definitive diagnosis. Delivery of definitive care, either by endodontic therapy or extraction, is the best way to provide complete relief of pain of endodontic origin. Beyond...

~ A smile is happiness you'll find right under your nose. ~A BEAUTIFUL smile seems to reflect a certain style of living, and the enhancement of facial beauty is one of the primary goals of patients seeking elective dental care. The lower third of the face has a major impact on the perception of the facial aesthetic and the role of a beautiful smile is therefore, undeniable. An understanding of golden proportion that has long stood for beauty may provide us with useful guidelines that can be combined with our existing knowledge and applied to our dental work for restoring dental aesthetics...