The word "adjustment" came into popular use in psychology during the 1930's and was given strong endorsement by Lawrence Shaffer's classical book the psychology of Adjustment which appeared in 1936. With the coming into prominence of gestalt psychology, psychoanalysis, and personality psychology the term "adjustment "as used by Shaffer was subjected to considerable criticism, particularly with reference to its emphasis upon the mechanical adaptation of human beings to the demands of the environments Writers from these schools pointed out that man not only adapts to his environments, but...