Dentist replace missing, damaged, and severely decayed teeth by fixed or removable prostheses to restore or improve masticatory functions. There is a fundamental question in any treatment plan, namely, the desirable/ mandatory length of an occlusal table.The introduction of short and extra-short implants has represented a very appealing therapeutic alternative, particularly in the case of atropic posterior regions of mandible and maxilla, where apart from difficult access, limited visibility, reduced space, and poor bone quality, there is the risk of involving the inferior alveolar nerve or...

The emergence of the niche field of osteoimmunology represents a conceptual rethinking of multiple phenomena, relating biological events in bone and the immune system. The rationale for studying "Osteoimmunology" is to understand how bone influences immune and hematopoietic cells as well as how hematopoietic and immune cells influence bone. This interdisciplinary field of study, which emerged almost a decade ago, integrates the disciplines of immunology and bone biology and has served as a useful framework for improving our understanding of pathogenesis of Periodontal Disease.