Man has been obsessed with duplicating, restoring and replacing various lost body parts like the limbs, ear, nose and eyes with artificial prosthesis and teeth being no exception. Restoration of teeth is not recent but ancient, dating back to 1st century Roman B.C. Many materials have been used to restore and replace a lost tooth or a part of it, of these ivories was popular but not without its disadvantages. The quest for an artificial prosthesis similar to the nature tooth, both in function and esthetics, in the oral environment still remains as a foremost concern to the dentist, which has...

Der Mensch ist davon besessen, verschiedene verlorene Körperteile wie Gliedmaßen, Ohren, Nasen und Augen durch künstliche Prothesen zu duplizieren, wiederherzustellen und zu ersetzen, wobei die Zähne keine Ausnahme bilden. Die Wiederherstellung von Zähnen ist nicht neu, sondern uralt und geht auf das 1. Jahrhundert v. Chr. zurück. Viele Materialien wurden verwendet, um einen verlorenen Zahn oder einen Teil davon wiederherzustellen und zu ersetzen, darunter auch Elfenbein, das zwar beliebt war, aber nicht ohne Nachteile. Die Suche nach einem künstlichen Zahnersatz, der dem natürlichen...

This book is a brief review of endodontic instruments which a clinician use in his or her practice. By reading this book a clinician gets good knowledge of endodontic instruments. Cleaning and shaping are performed by a combination of mechanical removal of the infected and non-infected root canal tissue, as well as some dentine from the root canal wall, and chemical disinfection by removal of bacteria and their products from within the root canal spaceClinical evidence demonstrates that root canal systems can be cleaned and shaped in three dimensions and can be obturated in three dimensions...